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Knowledge Base

Judo terms explained: ukemi, ippon, randori, shiai, belts and more.

55 articles

All judo terms

55 terms found

De-ashi-barai — the advanced foot sweep

De-ashi-barai is the sweep of the advancing foot: judo's purest timing throw. Execution and drills.

G-judo (adapted judo) in Amsterdam

G-judo is judo for athletes with disabilities. What it is, how classes differ and where to train in Amsterdam.

Harai-goshi — the sweeping hip throw

Harai-goshi is the sweeping hip throw: a powerful blend of hip entry and leg sweep. Execution and progression from o-goshi.

Jita-kyoei — mutual welfare

Jita-kyoei is judo's second core principle: improving together. Why your training partner is not your opponent.

Judogi — the judo uniform explained

What is a judogi, which sizes and weights exist, and how a beginner gi differs from competition gear.

Juji-gatame — the cross armlock

Juji-gatame is judo's best-known armlock: the straight armlock across the hips. Execution, safety and competition use.

Kata in judo — forms without contest throws

Kata are prescribed technique sequences in judo. Why kata matters for gradings and competitive judoka.

Kesa-gatame — the scarf hold

Kesa-gatame is judo's best-known hold-down: control along uke's head. Execution, escapes and variations.

Ko-uchi-gari — the minor inner reap

Ko-uchi-gari is the minor inner reap of the foot: fast, subtle and perfect for combinations. Technique and timing explained.

Kyu and dan — the judo belt system

From white belt to black: how kyu and dan grades work in the Netherlands (JBN) and what grading involves.

Mon grades — intermediate youth gradings

Mon grades are the intermediate steps (tabs) between youth belts in the Netherlands. How the system works and why it exists.

O-goshi — the major hip throw

O-goshi is the major hip throw and often the first real throw beginners learn. Execution, pitfalls and variations.

O-uchi-gari — the major inner reap

O-uchi-gari is the major inner reap: a classic set-up throw that opens combinations. Execution and timing.

Osoto-gari — the major outer reap

Osoto-gari is the major outer reap, one of the first throws for beginners and a weapon at elite level.

Seiryoku-zenyo — maximum efficiency

Seiryoku-zenyo is judo's first core principle: maximum result with minimum effort. What it means on and off the mat.

Seoi-nage — the shoulder throw

Seoi-nage is the shoulder throw: one of the highest-scoring throws in competition judo. Variations, execution and common mistakes.

Tai-otoshi — the body drop

Tai-otoshi is the body drop: a hand throw where uke falls over your extended leg. Technique and common mistakes.

Tomoe-nage — the circle throw

Tomoe-nage is the circle throw from the sacrifice techniques: you give up your own posture and throw uke overhead with your foot.

Uchi-mata — the inner thigh throw

Uchi-mata is the inner thigh throw, perhaps the most iconic throw in competition judo. Execution, variations and set-ups.

What does hajime mean?

Hajime is the referee command that starts or resumes a judo match. Meaning and use on the mat.

What does judo mean?

Judo literally means 'the gentle way'. Origin of the word, the philosophy behind it and how the sport came to the Netherlands.

What does matte mean?

Matte is the command 'wait' that pauses a judo contest. When it is called and what to do.

What does sensei mean?

Sensei is the Japanese form of address for the judo teacher. What the title means and which qualifications a Dutch judo teacher needs.

What is a dojo?

A dojo is the training hall where judo is practised. What the word means and how to recognise a good dojo in Amsterdam.

What is a judoka?

A judoka is anyone who practises judo — from four-year-old beginner to Olympic champion. Origin and use of the word.

What is a tatami?

Tatami are the judo mats used for training and competition. Sizes, firmness and why the mat matters for breakfalls.

What is an obi (judo belt)?

The obi is the belt that closes the judogi and shows the judoka's grade. Colours, knots and sizing explained.

What is ashi-waza (leg techniques)?

Ashi-waza are judo's leg and foot techniques: sweeps, hooks and reaps. Why timing is everything here.

What is golden score?

Golden score is judo's sudden-death overtime: the first score or penalty immediately decides the match.

What is hansoku-make?

Hansoku-make is disqualification in judo: instant defeat after a serious violation or three accumulated shidos.

What is ippon in judo?

Ippon is the highest score in judo and instant victory. How ippon happens in competition and training.

What is kansetsu-waza (joint locks)?

Kansetsu-waza are judo's joint locks, allowed on the elbow only. Rules, age limits and the best-known lock.

What is koshi-waza (hip techniques)?

Koshi-waza are judo's hip throws, from o-goshi to harai-goshi. The shared principle and the learning progression.

What is kumi-kata (gripping)?

Kumi-kata is gripping the judogi: the foundation of every throw. Standard grip, grip fighting and the rules explained.

What is kuzushi (off-balancing)?

Kuzushi is breaking your opponent's balance — the first and most important phase of every judo throw.

What is nage-komi?

Nage-komi is repeatedly completing full throws. How it differs from uchi-komi and why breakfalls are essential here.

What is nage-waza (throwing techniques)?

Nage-waza is the collective name for all judo throwing techniques, divided into hand, hip, leg and sacrifice throws.

What is ne-waza (groundwork)?

Ne-waza is judo's ground fighting: pins, armlocks and strangles. How it differs from standing judo and from BJJ.

What is osaekomi (hold-down)?

Osaekomi is a controlled hold on the ground. Twenty seconds scores ippon — the rules and best-known pins explained.

What is randori?

Randori is free judo practice with a partner: throws, groundwork and pace without full match rules.

What is rei (bowing in judo)?

Rei is the bow that opens and closes every judo class and contest. Standing and kneeling bows explained.

What is shiai (competition judo)?

Shiai is competition judo with official rules, referee and scoring. Difference from recreational judo and tournaments in Amsterdam.

What is shido (judo penalty)?

Shido is a minor penalty in competition judo for passivity or prohibited acts. Three shidos mean losing the match.

What is shime-waza (strangles)?

Shime-waza are judo's strangling techniques. How they work, from what age they are allowed and the best-known techniques.

What is sutemi-waza (sacrifice throws)?

Sutemi-waza are sacrifice throws: you give up your own posture to throw your opponent. Types, risks and rules.

What is tachi-waza (standing judo)?

Tachi-waza is judo's standing phase: gripping, off-balancing and throws. The counterpart of ne-waza (groundwork).

What is te-waza (hand techniques)?

Te-waza are judo's hand throws, such as seoi-nage and tai-otoshi. Characteristics and the best-known techniques.

What is the gokyo?

The gokyo is the classic classification of forty judo throws in five groups of increasing difficulty — the backbone of grading syllabi.

What is the Kodokan?

The Kodokan in Tokyo is judo's birthplace: Jigoro Kano's school and still the technical heart of the sport.

What is tori in judo?

Tori is the judoka who executes the technique during practice. The division of roles between tori and uke explained.

What is uchi-komi?

Uchi-komi is repeatedly entering a throw without completing it. Why this drill is the backbone of judo training.

What is uke in judo?

Uke is the judoka who receives the technique during practice. Why a good uke is essential for learning to throw.

What is ukemi? (breakfalls in judo)

Ukemi is breakfalling on the judo mat: how to land safely after a throw. Explanation, order of practice and why beginners start here.

What is waza-ari?

Waza-ari is a half score in judo. Two waza-ari in one match combine into ippon and decide the contest.

Who was Jigoro Kano?

Jigoro Kano (1860-1938) founded judo. His life, the origin of the Kodokan and his two core principles.


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